Many people say that Nathaniel Bacon had every right to rebel against the Virginian government and he's a hero because of it. The government in the Virginia colony was favoring the Native Americans and ignoring the settlers. The Native Americans would often attack the settlements and the colonists living there, but their government still did nothing. “Indians draw in others…to there aides…they dayly commited abundance of ungarded and unrevenged murthers, upon the English…Fronteare Plantations became eather depopulated by the Indians crueltys” (Document #5: The History of Bacon’s and Ingram’s Rebellion, 1676 pg. 8). Howard Zinn also stated that "They wanted the colony's leaders to fight the Indians, but the politicians...wouldn't fight...they were using some of the Indians as spies and allies against the others."(A Young People's History of the United States. pg. 36) The government's refusals to help the settlers only made them angrier and want to rebel even more. Bacon told the angry colonists that the governor and Indians were the reason that the colony was in such bad shape. When Governor William Berkeley learned of Bacon's plans, the governor called him a traitor and had him arrested. When Bacon was arrested his followers went into Jamestown. The governor released Bacon hoping that he wouldn't attack the Indians. His plan failed. As soon as Bacon was free he and his militia followed through with their plan and raided the Indians in the area. Nathaniel Bacon was the settler who led Bacon's Rebellion. He was angry with the Virginian government for favoring the Indians and not protecting the settlers from them. He completely changed how people viewed Native Americans.
While some think that Bacon’s Rebellion was the right thing to do, many others say that it only had a disastrous effect on Native Americans afterwards. Before the rebellion many people didn’t completely mistrust the Indians. After Bacon’s Rebellion, the colonists wanted nothing to do with them anymore. The government became more strict and controlling of the native peoples. As Michael J. Puglisi states, “many Indian groups…living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments.” (“Whether They Be Friends or Foes”: The Roles and Reactions of Tributary Native Groups Caught in Colonial Conflicts. pg. 76) They didn’t just force the natives to leave, they also attacked them at the places the Native Americans were sent to. “Col. Mason and a thousand Virginians trapped the Susquehannocks in an Indian fortress across the Potomac river in Maryland and laid siege to it” (Document #4: A True Narrative of the Late Rebellion in Virginia, By the Royal Commissioners, 1676, excerpt pg. 7). The government even demanded one tribe to supply them with warriors for their militia. This was insulting because the government had killed the chief and was now asking his widowed wife to supply soldiers for them. The colonists were even cruel to the tribes that were only kind and peaceful to them. Colonists even mistreated natives that had, in the past, served as spies, scouts, and soldiers for them. Native tribes were accused of crimes they did not commit and were put on trial for it. They demanded that the Indians were to be confined to their own towns when King Philip’s War went on. They claimed it was for their own protection, but the Native Americans knew better. Virginians went even further and sent over 500 Native Americans to live by themselves in islands in Boston Harbor. While there, the Indians had no means to provide for themselves and suffered because of it. Bacon’s Rebellion led to even worse mistreatment of Native Americans. His rebellion only worsened the colony’s problems and made things harder for the Native Americans who had done nothing.
Wednesday, October 8, 2008
john winthrop's Arbella sermon quote responses
1. “The definition which the scripture gives us of love is this: ‘Love is the bond of perfection.’ [I]t is a bond or ligament. . . . There is no body but consists of parts and that which each part so contiguous to others as thereby they do mutually participate with each other, both in strength and infirmity, in pleasure and pain. . . . Christ and his church make one body. The several parts of this body, considered apart before they were united, were disproportionate and as much disordering as so many contrary qualities or elements, [however, when united], it is become the most perfect and best proportioned body in the world[.]”
· The best results occur when the body is working in harmony and in sync. This is also how it is with a colony. When everyone works together then everything runs smoothly. If there's arguing, however, everything falls arpart. If one part of the body is hurt or isn't working properly, it affects how the rest of the body will run. If one part of a colony isn't working out then its likely that the rest of the colony weren't work out either.
2. “Whatsoever we did or ought to have done when we lived in England, the same must we do, and more also, where we go.”
· In this quote, John Winthrop is saying that the colony must be run how England was run. The colony has to be a reflection of England before it became so corrupt. England was a good place before all the corruption occurred with the Church of England. He thinks the colony will be better off if they act like a better kind of, England with no bribery, corruption, or persecution because of religion. He thinks that just because they have left England doesn’t mean that they have to be completely different and forget where they came from.
3. “Thus stands the cause between God and us. We are entered into covenant with him for this work. We have taken out a commission, the Lord hath given us leave to draw our own articles. We have professed to enterprise these actions . . . . Now if the Lord shall please to hear us, and bring us in peace to the place we desire, then hath he ratified this covenant and sealed our commission, [and] will expect a strict performance of the articles contained in it.”
· If God wants the colony to be in America and work out for the better then that’s how it will be. If God thinks it is the wrong idea, however, it won’t work out. Winthrop trusts God completely and thinks that everything will work out the way it is supposed to. While in America the colonists are going to do God’s work. They will spread his word throughout the area and to all the natives living there. They will follow his word and won’t corrupt it as the Church of England did. The colonists will act perfectly as God would want them to.
4. “[W]hen he shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding [colonies], ‘the Lord make it like that of New England.’ For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us[.]”
· New England will be the perfect example of how God’s people should be like. The colonists will be an example to all the surrounding colonies, Native Americans, and to England as well. It is in God’s plan for this colony to succeed and prosper. It was His will for them to leave England and now it is His will that they will come to America to spread His word. They will set an example for what the true and right way to practice their religion is. Everyone will be watching them to see what they are doing and to follow them. They will be the “city upon a hill.”
· The best results occur when the body is working in harmony and in sync. This is also how it is with a colony. When everyone works together then everything runs smoothly. If there's arguing, however, everything falls arpart. If one part of the body is hurt or isn't working properly, it affects how the rest of the body will run. If one part of a colony isn't working out then its likely that the rest of the colony weren't work out either.
2. “Whatsoever we did or ought to have done when we lived in England, the same must we do, and more also, where we go.”
· In this quote, John Winthrop is saying that the colony must be run how England was run. The colony has to be a reflection of England before it became so corrupt. England was a good place before all the corruption occurred with the Church of England. He thinks the colony will be better off if they act like a better kind of, England with no bribery, corruption, or persecution because of religion. He thinks that just because they have left England doesn’t mean that they have to be completely different and forget where they came from.
3. “Thus stands the cause between God and us. We are entered into covenant with him for this work. We have taken out a commission, the Lord hath given us leave to draw our own articles. We have professed to enterprise these actions . . . . Now if the Lord shall please to hear us, and bring us in peace to the place we desire, then hath he ratified this covenant and sealed our commission, [and] will expect a strict performance of the articles contained in it.”
· If God wants the colony to be in America and work out for the better then that’s how it will be. If God thinks it is the wrong idea, however, it won’t work out. Winthrop trusts God completely and thinks that everything will work out the way it is supposed to. While in America the colonists are going to do God’s work. They will spread his word throughout the area and to all the natives living there. They will follow his word and won’t corrupt it as the Church of England did. The colonists will act perfectly as God would want them to.
4. “[W]hen he shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding [colonies], ‘the Lord make it like that of New England.’ For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us[.]”
· New England will be the perfect example of how God’s people should be like. The colonists will be an example to all the surrounding colonies, Native Americans, and to England as well. It is in God’s plan for this colony to succeed and prosper. It was His will for them to leave England and now it is His will that they will come to America to spread His word. They will set an example for what the true and right way to practice their religion is. Everyone will be watching them to see what they are doing and to follow them. They will be the “city upon a hill.”
Tuesday, October 7, 2008
They Say: Bacon's Rebellion
Many people say that Nathaniel Bacon had every right to rebel against the Virginian government and he's a hero because of it. The government in the Virginia colony was favoring the Native Americans and ignoring the settlers. For example, Howard Zinn states that "They wanted the colony's leaders to fight the Indians, but the politicians...wouldn't fight...they were using some of the Indians as spies and allies against the others."(A Young People's History of the United States. pg. 36) The government's refusals to help the settlers only made them angrier and want to rebel even more. Bacon purposely misled the angry colonists, saying that the governor and Indians were to blame for everything, so that they would help in the rebellion. When Governor William Berkeley learned of Bacon's plans, the governor called him a traitor and had him arrested. When Bacon was arrested his followers went into Jamestown. The governor released Bacon hoping that he wouldn't attack the Indians. His plan failed. As soon as Bacon was free he and his militia started to attack and raid the Indians in the area. Nathaniel Bacon the settler who led Bacon's Rebellion. He was angry with the Virginian government for favoring the Indians and not protecting the settlers from them. He completely changed how people viewed Native Americans.
While some think that Bacon’s Rebellion was the right thing to do, many others say that it only had a disastrous effect on Native Americans afterwards. Before the rebellion many people didn’t completely mistrust the Indians. After Bacon’s Rebellion, the colonists wanted nothing to do with them anymore. The government became more strict and controlling of the native peoples. As Michael J. Puglisi states, “many Indian groups…living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments.” (“Whether They Be Friends or Foes”: The Roles and Reactions of Tributary Native Groups Caught in Colonial Conflicts. pg. 76) The government even demanded one group supply them with warriors for their militia. This was insulting because the government had killed the chief and was now asking his widowed wife to supply soldiers for them. The colonists were even cruel to the tribes that were only kind and peaceful to them. Colonists even mistreated natives that had, in the past, served as spies, scouts, and soldiers for them. Native tribes were accused of crimes they did not commit and were put on trial for it. They demanded that the Indians were to be confined to their own towns when King Philip’s War went on. They claimed it was for their own protection, but the Native Americans knew better. Virginians went even further and sent over 500 Native Americans to live by themselves in islands in Boston Harbor. While there, the Indians had no means to provide for themselves and suffered because of it. Bacon’s Rebellion led to even worse mistreatment of Native Americans. It didn’t solve any problem, it only worsened it.
While some think that Bacon’s Rebellion was the right thing to do, many others say that it only had a disastrous effect on Native Americans afterwards. Before the rebellion many people didn’t completely mistrust the Indians. After Bacon’s Rebellion, the colonists wanted nothing to do with them anymore. The government became more strict and controlling of the native peoples. As Michael J. Puglisi states, “many Indian groups…living on assigned lands at the will and direction of the provincial governments.” (“Whether They Be Friends or Foes”: The Roles and Reactions of Tributary Native Groups Caught in Colonial Conflicts. pg. 76) The government even demanded one group supply them with warriors for their militia. This was insulting because the government had killed the chief and was now asking his widowed wife to supply soldiers for them. The colonists were even cruel to the tribes that were only kind and peaceful to them. Colonists even mistreated natives that had, in the past, served as spies, scouts, and soldiers for them. Native tribes were accused of crimes they did not commit and were put on trial for it. They demanded that the Indians were to be confined to their own towns when King Philip’s War went on. They claimed it was for their own protection, but the Native Americans knew better. Virginians went even further and sent over 500 Native Americans to live by themselves in islands in Boston Harbor. While there, the Indians had no means to provide for themselves and suffered because of it. Bacon’s Rebellion led to even worse mistreatment of Native Americans. It didn’t solve any problem, it only worsened it.
Sunday, October 5, 2008
national college fair assignment
The purpose of this worksheet/assignment is to assist in making your day at the National College Fair as productive as possible. Your journey of exploring post-secondary educational programs and career options will be a life-long one, but it is critically important at this time. Please complete each section below. Your responses are to be submitted to Terry by Oct. 9th.
We suggest that you use the following questions as an interview guide, but certainly ask whatever questions you like:
§ What is the average class size for freshman classes, as well as upper division?
§ How would they describe the relationship between students and instructors at their college?
§ Does their university place a greater emphasis on research or on teaching?
§ What are their policies and procedures relative to financial aide, Scholarships, work-study, etc.?
§ What internship, cooperative-education, and foreign study opportunities are available to undergraduate students?
§ What major is their college best known for?
§ What are the transfer policies and admissions standards for their college, including college testing such as SAT and/or ACT?
§ How would they describe student life on their campus and in the local community?
1) To gain a broad perspective relative to the different types of colleges, campuses, and programs, provide the name and a brief description of the following: (Do not hesitate to explore colleges outside the Northwest states, do not use the same college twice, and do not simply list information available on their website.)
A public college: University of Washington
The University of Washington is a public college located in Seattle, Washington. This school offers a wide variety of programs from the medical field to the arts. UW places a major emphasis on research, which they are known for in many of their departments. It is a very large campus and it even has its own zip code. In one classroom there can be as many as 700 students. The University of Washington is known for its medical and dental schools.
A private college: Seattle University
Seattle University is a private college located in Seattle, Washington. It is a Jesuit school and encourages diversity. They encourage personalized academic relationships between the students and faculty members. They offer a variety of programs for law to philosophy. Seattle University is a very small, private university at only 46 acres. Being a Jesuit school, Seattle University places an importance on community service and helping others.
A rural college: Western Washington University
Western Washington University is a rural college located in Bellingham, Washington. WWU offers a wide variety of courses from the performing arts to linguistics. They are very environmentally conscious and encourage students to think green. The class sizes can be only 30 students to over 100. Western Washington University encourages students to really be involved in their learning by doing internships and other fieldwork. It is an average size campus being 300 acres. Many of their students are involved in environmental projects both during and after they graduate from Western Washington University
A traditional large university: Washington State University
Washington State University is a traditional large university located in Pullman, Washington. WSU offers a wide variety of courses from crop science to environmental horticulture. The WSU campus is fairly large at over 1,747 acres. The class sizes can be anywhere from 21 students to over 100. A major emphasis is placed on research and many graduates and undergraduates have opportunities to help professors and doctors do research.
A small alternative college: Evergreen State College
Evergreen State College is a small alternative college located in Olympia, Washington. It is a liberal arts and science college. They offer a wide variety of programs such as a program where you learn about something that is interesting to you to expressive arts. Evergreen has a fairly average size campus at 1,000 acres. Evergreen State College thinks that it is important for students to think and learn for themselves.
2) Select a college major that you might be interested in pursuing. (biochemistry) Find three colleges that are known to offer quality programs in that major. You may choose only one of the three colleges from within the state of Washington. Briefly describe what impressed you about each of these colleges. Then finally, describe how your overall educational experience might differ if you were to choose one college over the others. In making your comparisons, be sure to consider some the issues raised in the “suggested questions” above. (You probably should do some research on this before attending the Fair)
The University of Washington offers qualities programs in biochemistry. This college interested me because of the emphasis they put on science and medicine. Both which I am considering pursuing. The University of Portland also offers a quality program in biochemistry. This college impressed me because of how important they consider research to be and because it is known around the Pacific Northwest as a research school. The University of Arizona offers a quality program in biochemistry as well. This college impressed me because of the different programs they have that are related to the biochemistry field.
My educational experience would be different if I chose one college over the others. If I went to the University of Washington, I might be learning about biochemistry and how it relates more to the medical fields and other fields that I could use that degree in. If I went to the University of Portland, I may be doing more research than I would if I went to UW or UA. If I went to the University of Arizona, I might be able to participate in more programs related to this major than I would if I went to UW or UP. Any college I will choose make my experience completely different than if I went somewhere else.
3) Attend at least one of the workshops during your time at the Fair. Briefly describe the content of the workshop and evaluate the information received.
Preparing an Effective Admissions Packet
The purpose of the workshop, Preparing an Effective Admissions Packet, was to give us information we would need when applying to different colleges and universities. We got information such as what kind of aid you could get depending on your ranking, what to say and what not to say within a college essay, and what to do before, during, and after the SAT’s. The information we received was very helpful and informative.
4) Write a personal evaluation of your experience of attending the National College Fair. Share whatever thoughts you have, but be sure to include a discussion of the following:
§ What information was the most useful?
§ What questions are still unanswered?
§ What should now be included in the next phase of your educational and career planning process?
The National College Fair was a very good experience. The information that was the most useful was the workshop that I went to, Preparing an Effective Admissions Packet, and talking to the different people from all the universities. I have no questions that are unanswered. The next phase of my educational and career planning process is to take the SAT’s and start applying to colleges that I want to go to.
We suggest that you use the following questions as an interview guide, but certainly ask whatever questions you like:
§ What is the average class size for freshman classes, as well as upper division?
§ How would they describe the relationship between students and instructors at their college?
§ Does their university place a greater emphasis on research or on teaching?
§ What are their policies and procedures relative to financial aide, Scholarships, work-study, etc.?
§ What internship, cooperative-education, and foreign study opportunities are available to undergraduate students?
§ What major is their college best known for?
§ What are the transfer policies and admissions standards for their college, including college testing such as SAT and/or ACT?
§ How would they describe student life on their campus and in the local community?
1) To gain a broad perspective relative to the different types of colleges, campuses, and programs, provide the name and a brief description of the following: (Do not hesitate to explore colleges outside the Northwest states, do not use the same college twice, and do not simply list information available on their website.)
A public college: University of Washington
The University of Washington is a public college located in Seattle, Washington. This school offers a wide variety of programs from the medical field to the arts. UW places a major emphasis on research, which they are known for in many of their departments. It is a very large campus and it even has its own zip code. In one classroom there can be as many as 700 students. The University of Washington is known for its medical and dental schools.
A private college: Seattle University
Seattle University is a private college located in Seattle, Washington. It is a Jesuit school and encourages diversity. They encourage personalized academic relationships between the students and faculty members. They offer a variety of programs for law to philosophy. Seattle University is a very small, private university at only 46 acres. Being a Jesuit school, Seattle University places an importance on community service and helping others.
A rural college: Western Washington University
Western Washington University is a rural college located in Bellingham, Washington. WWU offers a wide variety of courses from the performing arts to linguistics. They are very environmentally conscious and encourage students to think green. The class sizes can be only 30 students to over 100. Western Washington University encourages students to really be involved in their learning by doing internships and other fieldwork. It is an average size campus being 300 acres. Many of their students are involved in environmental projects both during and after they graduate from Western Washington University
A traditional large university: Washington State University
Washington State University is a traditional large university located in Pullman, Washington. WSU offers a wide variety of courses from crop science to environmental horticulture. The WSU campus is fairly large at over 1,747 acres. The class sizes can be anywhere from 21 students to over 100. A major emphasis is placed on research and many graduates and undergraduates have opportunities to help professors and doctors do research.
A small alternative college: Evergreen State College
Evergreen State College is a small alternative college located in Olympia, Washington. It is a liberal arts and science college. They offer a wide variety of programs such as a program where you learn about something that is interesting to you to expressive arts. Evergreen has a fairly average size campus at 1,000 acres. Evergreen State College thinks that it is important for students to think and learn for themselves.
2) Select a college major that you might be interested in pursuing. (biochemistry) Find three colleges that are known to offer quality programs in that major. You may choose only one of the three colleges from within the state of Washington. Briefly describe what impressed you about each of these colleges. Then finally, describe how your overall educational experience might differ if you were to choose one college over the others. In making your comparisons, be sure to consider some the issues raised in the “suggested questions” above. (You probably should do some research on this before attending the Fair)
The University of Washington offers qualities programs in biochemistry. This college interested me because of the emphasis they put on science and medicine. Both which I am considering pursuing. The University of Portland also offers a quality program in biochemistry. This college impressed me because of how important they consider research to be and because it is known around the Pacific Northwest as a research school. The University of Arizona offers a quality program in biochemistry as well. This college impressed me because of the different programs they have that are related to the biochemistry field.
My educational experience would be different if I chose one college over the others. If I went to the University of Washington, I might be learning about biochemistry and how it relates more to the medical fields and other fields that I could use that degree in. If I went to the University of Portland, I may be doing more research than I would if I went to UW or UA. If I went to the University of Arizona, I might be able to participate in more programs related to this major than I would if I went to UW or UP. Any college I will choose make my experience completely different than if I went somewhere else.
3) Attend at least one of the workshops during your time at the Fair. Briefly describe the content of the workshop and evaluate the information received.
Preparing an Effective Admissions Packet
The purpose of the workshop, Preparing an Effective Admissions Packet, was to give us information we would need when applying to different colleges and universities. We got information such as what kind of aid you could get depending on your ranking, what to say and what not to say within a college essay, and what to do before, during, and after the SAT’s. The information we received was very helpful and informative.
4) Write a personal evaluation of your experience of attending the National College Fair. Share whatever thoughts you have, but be sure to include a discussion of the following:
§ What information was the most useful?
§ What questions are still unanswered?
§ What should now be included in the next phase of your educational and career planning process?
The National College Fair was a very good experience. The information that was the most useful was the workshop that I went to, Preparing an Effective Admissions Packet, and talking to the different people from all the universities. I have no questions that are unanswered. The next phase of my educational and career planning process is to take the SAT’s and start applying to colleges that I want to go to.
Bacon's Rebellion wikipedia edit
Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. The governor was not supplying the pilgrims and people in the new America with the supplies they needed.
Bacon's Rebellion was the result of discontent among backcountry farmers against corruption in the government. Rather than adhere to the law, they chose to push it aside. The reason Bacon and the colonists rebelled in the first place was because the taxes were high and the price for tobacco was constantly decreasing. This is why Bacon, and the colonists were rebelling. They wanted the taxes lower, and the price for tobacco to return to a reasonable price. I suppose you could call it mutiny.
Historians have pointed out that one of the most important reforms made during Bacon's government was the recognition of the right to keep and bear arms, so that the common man could defend himself from hostile Indians but also to oppose a despotic regime. You see, the right to bear arms was meant only for protection against the Native Americans. But now, the weapons served another purpose. Historian Stephen Saunders Webb suggests that Bacon's Rebellion was a revolution, with roots in the English Civil War and with consequences including the American Revolutionary War.
It was largely the indentured servants and poor farmers (most of whom were former indentured black servants or their descendants) who rebelled. Africans were often brought as indentured servants, becoming free after serving their term of labor. Indentured servants from Europe continued to play a role in Virginia after the rebellion. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and a status inherited by one's children, creating a racially based class system with Africans at the bottom. Even the poorest European indentured servants were above them. This broke the common interest between the poor English and Africans of Virginia, which had existed during Bacon's Rebellion.
We still have to remember that the rebellion was not only against William Berkeley, but also against the Indians. The other issue, aside from the tobacco and tax prices, was the Indian attacks. Berkeley was not providing the supplies to fight against them. So the Indians would commonly raid the English camps for tobacco and supplies. So when Bacon led the rebellion, it was also against the Indians.
Bacon's Rebellion was the result of discontent among backcountry farmers against corruption in the government. Rather than adhere to the law, they chose to push it aside. The reason Bacon and the colonists rebelled in the first place was because the taxes were high and the price for tobacco was constantly decreasing. This is why Bacon, and the colonists were rebelling. They wanted the taxes lower, and the price for tobacco to return to a reasonable price. I suppose you could call it mutiny.
Historians have pointed out that one of the most important reforms made during Bacon's government was the recognition of the right to keep and bear arms, so that the common man could defend himself from hostile Indians but also to oppose a despotic regime. You see, the right to bear arms was meant only for protection against the Native Americans. But now, the weapons served another purpose. Historian Stephen Saunders Webb suggests that Bacon's Rebellion was a revolution, with roots in the English Civil War and with consequences including the American Revolutionary War.
It was largely the indentured servants and poor farmers (most of whom were former indentured black servants or their descendants) who rebelled. Africans were often brought as indentured servants, becoming free after serving their term of labor. Indentured servants from Europe continued to play a role in Virginia after the rebellion. New Virginia laws made slavery lifelong and a status inherited by one's children, creating a racially based class system with Africans at the bottom. Even the poorest European indentured servants were above them. This broke the common interest between the poor English and Africans of Virginia, which had existed during Bacon's Rebellion.
We still have to remember that the rebellion was not only against William Berkeley, but also against the Indians. The other issue, aside from the tobacco and tax prices, was the Indian attacks. Berkeley was not providing the supplies to fight against them. So the Indians would commonly raid the English camps for tobacco and supplies. So when Bacon led the rebellion, it was also against the Indians.
Wednesday, October 1, 2008
“‘Political Economy’ of the Body”
“‘Political Economy’ of the Body”
Michel Foucault, Discipline & Punish
1. “The body is…directly involved in a political field; power relations have an immediate hold upon it; they invest it, mark it, train it, torture it, force it to carry out tasks, to perform ceremonies, to omit signs.” (25)
· The body revolves around everything. It is power. It is weakness. It can be used however you or someone else chooses. Sometimes it’s up to you, other times it isn’t. You can be bought and paid for and used however that person sees fit. In a sense you’re used. You don’t matter. Your body is property.
2. “It is largely as a force of production that the body is invested with relations of power and domination; but, on the other hand, its constitution as labour power is possible only if a useful force only if it is both a productive body and a subjected body.” (26)
· The body only matters when it is used the right way. It’s only powerful when it helps someone else become more powerful. You are nothing while being forced; you are everything if you follow orders. Consequences occur if orders are disobeyed. Slaves listen to everything the master says.
3. “In the darkest region of the political field the condemned man represents the symmetrical, inverted figure of the king.” (29)
· The king is a slave. He is a slave to his people; the subjects he rules. He is ruled by his greed and by his power. The condemned man doesn’t care about anyone but himself, his goals and his greed. He’ll do anything to get what he wants. He is the king.
Michel Foucault, Discipline & Punish
1. “The body is…directly involved in a political field; power relations have an immediate hold upon it; they invest it, mark it, train it, torture it, force it to carry out tasks, to perform ceremonies, to omit signs.” (25)
· The body revolves around everything. It is power. It is weakness. It can be used however you or someone else chooses. Sometimes it’s up to you, other times it isn’t. You can be bought and paid for and used however that person sees fit. In a sense you’re used. You don’t matter. Your body is property.
2. “It is largely as a force of production that the body is invested with relations of power and domination; but, on the other hand, its constitution as labour power is possible only if a useful force only if it is both a productive body and a subjected body.” (26)
· The body only matters when it is used the right way. It’s only powerful when it helps someone else become more powerful. You are nothing while being forced; you are everything if you follow orders. Consequences occur if orders are disobeyed. Slaves listen to everything the master says.
3. “In the darkest region of the political field the condemned man represents the symmetrical, inverted figure of the king.” (29)
· The king is a slave. He is a slave to his people; the subjects he rules. He is ruled by his greed and by his power. The condemned man doesn’t care about anyone but himself, his goals and his greed. He’ll do anything to get what he wants. He is the king.
American Tobacco and European Consumers Summary
During the seventeenth century, tobacco was the most desirable crop being sent to England from the New World. Tobacco was appealing to all European men and women. Tobacco could be smoked, sniffed, chewed, and used for enemas. Smoking was the most popular and caused an increase in pipe, box, tin, flint, steel, and pipe cleaners, which were all needed to smoke. Spittoons also increased in sales because they were needed when people chewed tobacco instead of smoking or sniffing it. Physicians in England also believed that tobacco could be used to cure any ailment that a person might have. They also recommended that people who were healthy use tobacco to prevent any sickness from occurring. Europeans were convinced it was true when sailors from the New World returned to England. When the sailors used the tobacco, they claimed it took away all their thirst and hunger and that it restored their strength and spirit after the long voyage. The most appealing part of tobacco, for Europeans, was the blissful sensation they felt while they used it. Not all Europeans approved of tobacco, though, most notably King James I of England. He claimed that tobacco did more harm to the body than good. He compared European tobacco use to the ways of Native Americans in the New World, saying that Europeans were no better than the Indians when they used it.
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